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Immission control; application for a permit for the construction and operation of a plant

The construction, operation and significant modification of certain industrial plants that may have a harmful impact on the environment require a permit under immission control legislation.

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Procedure details

Immission control legislation applies to a large number of facilities.

Certain facilities, such as large agricultural operations, can be sources of considerable environmental pollution - to prevent this, operators of such facilities require a permit from the competent authority. You can find out whether your planned plant requires a permit under immission control law from the authority responsible for you. Selected aspects of the approval procedure are described below, and it is strongly recommended that you contact the authority responsible for you as early as possible for such projects.

The Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) stipulates that the construction and operation of installations that may typically have a harmful impact on the environment require a permit under immission control law. The relevant types of installations are listed exhaustively in the Ordinance on Installations Requiring a Permit (4th BImSchV).

A distinction is made between the formal procedure under Section 10 BImSchG and the simplified procedure under Section 19 BImSchG. What both procedures have in common is that they require a written application and the submission of all documents relevant to the assessment as well as the involvement of other affected authorities. In the formal procedure, there is also a public announcement of the project, a public display of the application including documents and, if necessary, a discussion meeting. In certain cases, an environmental impact assessment must also be carried out.

An installation that does not require a permit and has already been erected or the erection or substantial modification of which has already begun becomes subject to a permit when it is included in the list of installations requiring a permit under the ordinance. In this case, the installation is subject to the licensing requirements under immission control law and must be notified to the competent authority within three months of the respective 4th BImSchV coming into force in accordance with Section 67 (2) BImSchG.

Under certain conditions, the granting of a partial permit, a preliminary decision or the approval of an early start is possible.

If the operator intends to change the location, nature or operation of an installation requiring a permit, he must also obtain a permit for this if it is a significant change. Other changes must be notified to the licensing authority at least one month before commencement.

The project must also be notified for the construction and operation or modification of installations that do not require a permit under immission control legislation and that are an operating area or part of an operating area within the meaning of the 12th BImSchV and, if necessary, a permit must be obtained in accordance with Section 23b BImSchG or Section 16a BImSchG.

As a rule, the district administrative authority (district administration office or district-free city) is responsible for the decision on the permit; in exceptional cases defined by law, the government or the mining authority is responsible.

You must prove to the competent authority that you will comply with the obligations of the Federal Immission Control Act during the construction, operation and modification of an installation. Other public law regulations and occupational health and safety concerns must not conflict with the project.

  • Application documents for immission control depending on the individual case

    cf. on the type of documents §§ 3 ff 9. BImSchV (see link "Legal basis")

You notify the competent authority of your project before it is commissioned or implemented.

The costs incurred are set out in the schedule of costs under the Bavarian Costs Act, No. 8.II.0, tariff item 1.

In principle, there are no deadlines.

However, in the case of a planned change to the location, nature or operation of an installation requiring approval, for example, the change must be notified at least one month before the change is to begin.

A decision on the application for approval must be made within seven months of receipt of the application and the documents to be submitted in accordance with Section 10 (1) sentence 2 BImSchG, or within three months in simplified procedures.

Other deadlines apply in special constellations, e.g. a decision on an application for repowering must be made within six months.

Administrative court action

Status: 09.05.2025
Editorial responsibility Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz
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